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Ester Boserup (May 18, 1910 – September 24, 1999), was a Danish economist. She studied economic and agricultural development, worked at the United Nations as well as other international organizations, and she wrote several books. Her most notable book is ''The Conditions of Agricultural Growth: The Economics of Agrarian Change under Population Pressure''.〔(Chicago, Aldine, 1965, ISBN 0-415-31298-1)〕 This "classic ... work on agricultural intensification"〔Andrew C. Revkin, ("An Ecologist Explains His Contested View of Planetary Limits" ), ''New York Times'', Sept. 16, 2013.〕 presents a "dynamic analysis embracing all types of primitive agriculture." (Boserup, E. 1965. p 13) The work challenges the assumption dating back to Malthus’s time (and still held in many quarters) that agricultural methods determine population (via food supply). Instead, Boserup argued that population determines agricultural methods. A major point of her book is that "necessity is the mother of invention". It was her great belief that humanity would always find a way and was quoted in saying "The power of ingenuity would always outmatch that of demand". She also influenced the debate on the women in workforce and human development, and the possibility of better opportunities of work and education for men. == Biography == Born Ester Børgesen in Copenhagen, she was the only daughter of a Danish engineer, who died when she was two years old and the family was almost destitute for several years. Then, "encouraged by her mother and aware of her limited prospects without a good degree," she studied economic and agricultural development at the University of Copenhagen from 1929, and obtained her degree in theoretical economics in 1935 After graduation Boserup worked for the Danish government from 1935–1947, right through the Nazi occupation in WWII, as head of its planning office, on studies including trade and the effects of subsidies. She made almost no reference to conflicts between family and work during her lifetime. The family moved to Geneva in 1947 to work with the UN Economic Commission of Europe (ECE). In 1957, she and Mogens worked in India in a research project run by Gunnar Myrdal. For the rest of her life she worked as a consultant and writer, based in Copenhagen and then near Geneva when her husband died in 1980. Ester had married Mogens Boserup when both were twenty-one; the young couple lived on his allowance from his well-off family during their remaining university years."〔 Their daughter, Birte, was born in 1937; her sons Anders, in 1940, and Ivan, in 1944. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ester Boserup」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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